一例带电水冲洗触发的220kV避雷器爆炸事故分析

对一例220 kV金属氧化物避雷器在带电水冲洗后发生爆炸故障的原因进行了分析。通过对完好避雷器和故障避雷器进行解体和对比分析,发现故障避雷器下节顶部压力释放装置内部的密封胶圈发生凹陷变形。最后,对该类事故提出预防措施。     

UPLC法同时测定阿托伐他汀钙中15个杂质含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)同时测定阿托伐他汀钙原料药中15个杂质含量的方法。方法采用岛津Shim-pack Velox PFPP(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以3.9 g/L醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 5.0):乙腈:甲醇:四氢呋喃(无稳定剂)=67:21:6:6为流动相A,3.9 g/L醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 5.0):乙腈:甲醇:四氢呋喃(无稳定剂)=27:61:6:6为流动相B;梯度洗脱,流速0.43 ml/min,检测波长244 nm,柱温35℃,样品室温度10℃;进样量1.8μl。结果阿托伐他汀钙及各杂质峰间分离良好,在0.3~3μg/ml范围内15个杂质均呈良好的线性关系(r均>0.999,n=6),各杂质平均回收率分别为96.3%,99.1%,99.9%,102.4%,96.4%,99.8%,99.4%,104.9%,106.4%,105.4%,100.1%,98.9%,94.7%,94.4%,101.4%,且不同浓度间平行性良好。15个杂质重复性、进样精密度、中间精密度均良好,48 h内均较稳定。此法除对色谱柱要求较高外,耐用性良好。结论本方法简便、快速、分离度好、专属性强,经方法学验证可用于阿托伐他汀钙原料药杂质质量控制。     

300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及机制

摘要：为了研究300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机制，采用失重法，宏观、微观腐蚀形貌分析，三维表面轮廓分析及电化学分析的研究方法，来表征腐蚀实验现象并进行分析。结果表明：300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀产物为FeOOH、Fe2O3、Fe(OH)3和Fe3O4；腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间逐渐降低，腐蚀后期（72h）腐蚀速率降低50%；腐蚀初期以点蚀为主，点蚀坑通过横向扩展，逐渐发展为后期的均匀腐蚀，腐蚀表面形貌呈沟壑状；外腐蚀层对基体的保护能力很弱，Cr元素在锈层靠近基体的一侧偏聚使内腐蚀层具有一定的抗腐蚀性。     

Interlayer Engineering of Molybdenum Trioxide toward High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Half/Full Batteries

Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO₃ still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO₃ targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO₃ is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na⁺ and the MoO₃ host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na⁺ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO₃ electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry.     

不同含量低污染水对人工湿地中细菌的影响研究

探究水平流人工湿地(HFCW)系统处理低污染水过程中,相同COD/ρ(TN)下不同碳氮含量对细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,进水为较高碳氮含量的HFCW(HF1)和进水为较低碳氮含量的HFCW(HF2)对COD和TN的去除效率具有一定的差异,HF1和HF2对COD的去除效率分别为48.26%和28.89%,对TN的去除率分别为79.06%和81.87%。HF1中细菌的丰富度和多样性均高于HF2,HF1中富集的优势细菌为Chloroflexaceae、Comamonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,均具有异养反硝化功能,HF2中富集的优势细菌为Xanthomonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,其中Xanthomonadaceae具有自养反硝化功能。COD、NH4^+-N和NO3^--N对HF1中细菌群落的影响大于对HF2中细菌群落的影响,HF1中COD对细菌群落的影响大于NH4^+-N和NO3^--N。     

某铁矿隔水护顶矿柱厚度计算及安全影响预测

科学合理地确定矿山隔水护顶矿柱安全厚度是矿山安全生产的前提条件，为保障某铁矿地表民房、道路等建（构）筑物安全，防止矿山开采过程中产生的导水裂隙带贯通第四系含水层，采用荷载传递交汇线法、K.B.鲁别涅依他估算法和冒落带、导水裂隙带高度估算法3种理论分析方法对隔水护顶矿柱厚度进行计算，并利用数值模拟手段对留设隔水护顶矿柱后的开采过程安全影响进行了分析，对理论计算结果进行了验证。3种理论计算方法得出的隔水护顶矿柱厚度分别为14.3～17.3 m、17.5～31.4 m和41.8～57.4 m，推荐隔水护顶矿柱留设厚度为60 m。通过数值模拟分析得出，在留设60 m厚的隔水护顶矿柱的基础上，开采区域和隔水护顶矿柱位置产生的最大拉应力约0.47 MPa，矿山开采不会对隔水护顶矿柱造成破坏；地表产生的最大水平位移约5.8 cm，最大垂直位移约26.5 cm，最大倾斜为1.70 mm/m，最大曲率为0.20 mm/m2，最大水平变形值为0.70 mm/m，满足相关规范要求，预测矿山开采不会造成地表建（构）筑物破坏。     

浅谈氯碱氢的一种深度脱水工艺

概述了氢的主要工业生产方法和实际应用,详细介绍了氯碱氢三级脱水工艺过程,并运用在线分析手段,准确显示了干燥过程中的氯碱氢水分含量变化规律。     

Abrasive waterjet micro-machining of channels in metals: Comparison between machining in air and submerged in water

Abrasive water jet technology can be used for micro-milling using recently developed miniaturized nozzles. Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining is often used with both the nozzle tip and workpiece submerged in water to reduce noise and contain debris. This paper compares the performance of submerged and unsubmerged abrasive water jet micro-milling of channels in 316L stainless steel and 6061-T6 aluminum at various nozzle angles and standoff distances. The effect of submergence on the diameter and effective footprint of AWJ erosion footprints was measured and compared. It was found that the centerline erosion rate decreased with channel depth due to the spreading of the jet as the effective standoff distance increased, and because of the growing effect of stagnation as the channel became deeper. The erosive jet spread over a larger effective footprint in air than in water, since particles on the jet periphery were slowed much more quickly in water due to increased drag. As a result, the width of a channel machined in air was wider than that in water. Moreover, it was observed that the instantaneous erosion rate decreased with channel depth, and that this decrease was a function only of the channel cross-sectional geometry, being independent of the type of metal, the jet angle, the standoff distance, and regardless of whether the jet was submerged or in air, in either the forward or backward directions. It is shown that submerged AWJM results in narrower features than those produced while machining in air, without a decrease in centerline etch rate.     

高应力区沿空留巷围岩现状监测研究与分析

陈四楼矿计划实施沿空留巷的2802运输巷，断层较多，直接顶厚度较大，巷道矿压显现较为明显。针对顶板下沉、两帮外鼓、顶板淋水较大、巷道顶板受压破碎、金属网锈蚀严重、压脱锚杆较多、两帮位移较大等现象，提出在高应力区采用矿压监测的方法，通过对巷道变形现状进行的监测分析，对巷道破坏变形程度有了清晰的认识，对造成巷道破坏变形原因和影响因素有了详细的分析，根据注浆加固可改善围岩结构，提高围岩承载能力及锚杆、锚索锚固性能，是一种较为有效的围岩控制措施，确定了需要采用注浆加固的方式对进行巷道围岩破坏变形治理，并根据现场实际情况对注浆材料的性能提出了要求。     

基于二元水循环的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型开发与应用

为将我国最严格水资源管理制度的实践与二元水循环理论相结合，提高“三条红线”控制指标的科学性与合理性，本文以SWAT模型为基础，通过改进子流域划分方法、添加经济社会模块和人工用水模块，对其人工侧支循环模拟进行了系统的完善，开发了基于SWAT的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型SWAT_WAQER。以广西南流江流域为例，从国民经济用水量、河道径流与水质等方面对模型进行校验，并在此基础上划分了2030年“三条红线”控制指标。结果表明：该模型性能良好，能够用于不同节水情景下的国民经济用水量、污染物排放量、水功能区水质达标结果分析，可以作为科学制定“三条红线”控制指标的有力支撑工具。